延长不同实验步骤温育时间对HBsAg酶免结果的影响

目的探讨延长不同实验步骤温育时间对乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B surface antigen,HBs Ag)酶联免疫吸附实验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)结果的影响,从而保证检测结果的准确性和精确性。方法在其他实验参数不变的条件下,通过延长加酶前、加酶后、显色等步骤的温育时间,分别对强阳性、中阳性、弱阳性、阴性标本进行检测,所得数据采用SPSS 17.0软件进行相关分析。结果 1延长加酶前温育时间对强阳性和弱阳性标本的影响差异具有统计学意义,强阳性标本吸光度明显下降,弱阳性标本明显加强,并与延长的时间密切相关。2延长加酶后温育时间对各标本吸光度(阴性除外)影响最显著。3延长显色时间对实验结果影响并不明显。4延长各反应步骤温育时间对HBs Ag阴性标本吸光度影响均无统计学意义。结论选择正确的步骤适当延长温育时间可提高ELISA实验结果的准确性和弱阳性标本的检出率。     

Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery: Diagnoses and Surgical Results in 12 Pediatric Patients

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital condition. It responds well to early diagnosis and treatment, but otherwise the prognosis is poor. We present our case series of 12 patients (mean age, 2 ± 2.58 yr; age range, 2 mo–8 yr), emphasizing the diagnostic process and discussing our surgical results. The diagnosis of ALCAPA should be suspected in infants who have dilated cardiomyopathy with electrocardiographic changes that suggest ischemia, and in older children who have isolated mitral regurgitation. When clinical suspicion is high, the results of 2-dimensional echocardiography combined with color-flow Doppler studies in expert hands can establish the diagnosis, thus avoiding angiography in critically ill infants. The treatment of choice in our patients was transfer and reimplantation of the left coronary artery onto the ascending aorta. There were 2 deaths: both were infants in extremis who underwent emergency surgery. An older child with severe ventricular dysfunction was given mechanical ventricular assistance and then heart transplantation. As of this report, all 10 survivors remained well and asymptomatic.     

HLA-genotyping of clinical specimens using Ion Torrent-based NGS

We have evaluated and validated the NXType™ workflow (One Lambda, Inc.) and the accompanying TypeStream™ software on the Ion Torrent Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform using a comprehensive testing panel. The panel consisted of 285 genomic DNA (gDNA) samples derived from four major ethnic populations and contained 59 PT samples and 226 clinical specimens. The total number of alleles from the six loci interrogated by NGS was 3420. This validation panel provided a wide range of HLA sequence variations including many rare alleles, new variants and homozygous alleles. The NXType™ system (reagents and software) was able to correctly genotype the vast majority of these specimens. The concordance rate between SBT-derived genotypes and those generated by TypeStream™ auto-analysis ranged from 99.5% to 99.8% for the HLA-A, B, C, DRB1 and DQB1 loci, and was 98.9% for HLA-DPB1. A strategy for data review was developed that would allow correction of most of the few remaining typing errors. The entire NGS workflow from gDNA amplification to genotype assignment could be completed within 3 working days. Through this validation study, the limitations and shortcomings of the platform, specific assay system, and software algorithm were also revealed for further evaluation and improvement.     

The effects of breaking sedentary time with different intensity exercise bouts on energy metabolism: A randomized cross-over controlled trial

Background and aimsBreaking up sedentary periods, particularly with light activity, increases total energy expenditure (EE), and helps provide better glycemic control. However, the effects of activities of various intensities to interrupt prolonged sedentary time are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to examine potential differences in glycemic control and EE from breaking up sedentary time with short exercise bouts of different intensities.Methods and resultsNine overweight/obesity young men underwent whole body indirect calorimetry at 19:00 on day 1 and stayed overnight. After awakening on day 2, they performed short duration jogging every 30 min over 8 h (16-time bouts in total) under 3 different conditions with the same running distance: (1) lactate threshold (LT) for 2 min, (2) 60% LT for 200 s, and (3) onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) for 75 s. The 24-h EE and interstitial glucose concentration (from 8:00 to 19:00 on day 2) was continuously measured throughout the trials. The standard deviation during intervention and indexes of postprandial of the interstitial glucose concentration was significantly lower at LT and OBLA than at 60% LT (p < 0.05). The 24-h EE was not significantly different among conditions, but EE at OBLA during intervention was slightly but significantly higher than at 60% LT and LT.ConclusionBreaking up sedentary time with short-duration jogging at LT and with OBLA intensities may have better glycemic control and increased use of carbohydrate as a fuel, while short-duration a jogging at OBLA intensity may increase EE.Trial registrationUMIN000041361.     

Choice reaction time can be influenced by intervention protocols after stroke: A systematic review

IntroductionPost-stroke individuals usually present a delay in choice reaction time (CRT), and it would be important to verify the efficacy in the reduction of CRT after intervention protocols.ObjectiveThe main question of this review is ‘What are the characteristics of the CRT test and the interventions that decrease the CRT?’Study designSystematic review.MethodsThe search was performed in March 2019 using the electronic databases, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, Cinahal, Cochrane, Ovid, Scielo, PEDro, and Embase. There was no restriction regarding publication dates, and studies written in English that were conducted on poststroke patients and presented CRT results were included.ResultsSix studies were included in this systematic review, and the majority showed varied objectives, methodologies, and groups, regarding the number and characteristics of the sample, varying from complex to simple tasks for the CRT evaluation.ConclusionThis review suggests the investigation of the CRT in stroke patients with functional tasks using auditory and/or visual stimulus. About the CRT training in stroke patients, this review also suggests bilateral training, including functional tasks, and the use of structural practice blocks, but more studies are needed to better demonstrate the effects of interventions on the CRT.Registration numberPROSPERO (protocol no. CRD42017073995).     

腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉全身麻醉对髋关节置换术患者血流动力学、应激反应、术后苏醒的影响

目的观察腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉全身麻醉对髋关节置换术患者血流动力学、应激反应、术后苏醒的影响。方法选取2018年1月—2019年8月我院收治的行髋关节置换术患者115例,根据手术麻醉方法的不同分为观察组60例和对照组55例,观察组予腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉全身麻醉,对照组仅予全凭静脉全身麻醉。比较两组麻醉前(T0)、麻醉后10 min(T1)、麻醉后30 min(T2)、术毕(T3)时平均动脉压、心率、去甲肾上腺素及肾上腺素水平变化,术后清醒镇静效果和苏醒时间,以及两组手术期间不良反应发生情况。结果观察组T1、T2、T3时平均动脉压、心率与T0时比较虽略有升高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);对照组T1、T2、T3时平均动脉压、心率与T0时比较均升高,且以T2时平均动脉压、心率最高,T3时又回落至T1时水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。T1、T2、T3时观察组平均动脉压、心率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。T1、T2、T3时两组去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素均较T0时升高,且观察组相同时间点去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。观察组术后唤醒时警觉/镇静评分低于对照组,苏醒时间明显短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术期间总不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腰椎旁神经阻滞联合全凭静脉全身麻醉用于髋关节置换术可有效防止患者血流动力学指标的波动,减轻手术应激反应程度,术后苏醒快,术后苏醒质量佳,且未增加手术期间不良反应的发生。     

优化急诊护理对急性心肌梗死患者抢救效果的影响

目的评价急性心肌梗死(心肌梗死)患者抢救期间配合应用优化急诊护理干预对抢救效果的影响。方法选择本院收治的急性心肌梗死患者,总计80例。除抢救治疗外,给予患者随机分组进行护理干预,对照组40例急性心肌梗死患者采取常规急诊护理,试验组40例急性心肌梗死患者采取优化急诊护理干预。比较对照组与试验组急性心肌梗死患者组间分诊评估时间、急救总时间、住院时间、救治成功率、护理满意度。结果经优化急诊护理的试验组急性心肌梗死患者的分诊评估、急救以及住院时间均少于对照组,护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。另外,组间救治成功率比较(P>0.05)。结论急性心肌梗死患者抢救中运用优化急诊护理可以缩短患者抢救时间、提高抢救成功率。     

A novel methodology to measure waiting times for community-based specialist care in a public healthcare system

BackgroundMonitoring waiting time (WT) in healthcare systems is essential, since long WT are associated with adverse health outcomes, reduced patient satisfaction and increased private financing.ObjectiveTo describe a methodology developed for routine national monitoring of WT for community-based non-urgent specialist appointments, in a public healthcare system.MethodsThe methodology is based on data from computerized appointment scheduling systems of all Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) in Israel. Data included first 50 available appointments for community-based specialists and actual number of visits. Five most frequent specialties: orthopedics, ophthalmology, gynecology, dermatology and otolaryngology, were included.WT offered to HMO members for non-urgent care was calculated for two scenarios: "specific" physician and "any" physician in the region. Distribution of offered WT was calculated separately for each specialty and geographical region, combined to create the nationwide distribution.ResultsThe methodology was tested on data extracted between December 2018-June 2019. Estimated national median WT for "specific" physician, ranged from 9 days (ophthalmology/gynecology) to 20 days (dermatology), with large variation between geographic regions. WT were 26–56 % shorter for "any" than for "specific" physician.ConclusionsThis novel method offers a solution for ongoing national WT measurement, using computerized scheduling systems. It integrates two scenarios for appointment scheduling and allows identification of differences between specialties and regions, setting the ground for interventions to strengthen public healthcare systems.